Hayes, fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. Grant to the lucrative and politically powerful post of Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, Arthur was an important supporter of Conkling and the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. Following the Civil War, he devoted more time to Republican politics and quickly rose in the political machine run by New York Senator Roscoe Conkling. He served as quartermaster general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was born in Fairfield, Vermont, but he grew up in upstate New York and practiced law in New York City. His advocacy for, and subsequent enforcement of, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was the centerpiece of his administration.Īrthur was of English and Scotch-Irish descent. He succeeded in overcoming his reputation by embracing the cause of civil service reform. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome his reputation, stemming from his beginnings in politics as a politician from the New York City Republican political machine. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was the 21st President of the United States (1881–85) he succeeded James Garfield upon the latter's assassination.
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